[ANSWER] Lung Carcinoma: Pathophysiology, Comorbities and Anaesthesia Management

Pathophysiology

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It should be noted that lung cancer occurs in two forms: small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), which accounts for 15% all lung cancer cases; and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), which accounts for the vast majority (85%) of all lung cancer cases (Zappa & Mousa, 2016). There are three subtypes of NSCLC: adenonocarcinoma (accounts for 30-40% of all lung cancer cases and starts in the epithelial cells of the small airways), squamous-cell carcinoma (represents 25-30% of all lung cancer cases and starts in the squamous cells of the airway epithelium), and large-cell carcinoma (accounts for 5-10% of all lung cancer cases and starts in the central area of the lungs) (Hammerschmidt & Wirtz, 2009).

Though there are shared characteristics, each of these subtypes has its own molecular pathology (Pathophysiology) (Lemjabbar-Alaoui et al., 2015). For Amobi, it cannot be said with certainty the type of lung carcinoma he has as a complete diagnosis is yet to be done.   Lung carcinoma may often occur alongside several morbidities such as obstructive sleep apnoea, COPD, interstitial lung disease, hypertension, heart disease, arrhythmia, other types of cancer, thyroid disease, stroke, and kidney disease (Leduc et al., 2017; Lembicz et al., 2018). These comorbidities and lung carcinoma have one common risk factor – smoking – and their pathophysiology involves…[Buy Full Answer for Just USD 9: 2078 WORDS]

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