[ANSWER]BIOS222 Assessment: Case Review

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BIOS222 Assessment: Xu and Lin’s (2017) study suggests that RA risk is associated with various lifestyle and demographic factors as well as certain physiological conditions, notably advanced age, regular tobacco consumption, obesity, osteoporosis, poverty, and health insurance coverage. This association has been documented in several other studies (e.g., Elnoor et al., 2019). Nevertheless, a number of limitations should be noted in Xu and Lin’s (2017) study. One limitation is that the study merely reports associations between RA and the mentioned risk factors, making it difficult to establish cause-and-effect relationships since association does not necessarily imply causation.

In a prospective study that found gender, regular smoking, obesity, women’s reproductive state and vitamin D deficiency to be significant risk factors for RA, Elnoor et al. (2019) addressed this problem by including a control group of healthy subjects. Kronzer et al. (2019) also included a control group in a study that found venous thromboembolism, type 1 diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease to be positively associated with RA.

A similar design was used by Nikiphorou et al. (2020) to demonstrate some of the cardiovascular risk factors for RA, notably heart failure and stroke. On the whole, Xu and Lin’s (2017) study lacks the methodological rigour that the studies of Elnoor et al. (2019), Kronzer et al. (2019), and Nikiphorou et al. (2020) have. Another limitation in Xu and Lin’s (2017) study is reliance on self-report measures of RA. This weakens the validity of the findings since patients’ understanding of their medical conditions may sometimes…[Buy Full Answer for Just USD 9: 2485 WORDS]

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Type: Essay

Word Count: 2485

Grade/Mark: 96 (Distinction)

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