[ANSWER] PCC302 Palliative care and life limiting conditions Assessment 3: Essay – critical analysis

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Task Summary
In this assessment task, you are required to produce a written document of 2000 words (+/- 10%) where you will undertake research and critically analyse the information of one end-of-life issue.
Please refer to the Task Instructions for details on how to complete this task.
Context
Patients (adults or children) may die under a number of different circumstances. Death may be sudden unexpected and tragic, or prolonged and protracted after the patient has lived with life limiting illness (Taylor, 2018). End-of-life care is provided by nurses and a team of other health professionals and informal carers (family or significant others), often when a person has only weeks, days or hours to live. A number of challenges may arise around end-of-life care and nurses need to understand these issues, along with what resources (including code of professional practice) and legal and ethical frameworks are in place to support their clinical practice.
Reference
Taylor H (2018) Legal issues in end-of-life care 1: the adult patient. Nursing Times [online]; 114: 11, 25-28. Retrieved from: https://www.nursingtimes.net/clinical-archive/end-of-life-and-palliative-care/legal-issues-in-end-of-life-care-1-the-adult-patient/7026333.article

Instructions
1. Discuss one (1) of the following ethical/legal issues relating to end-of-life care:
 Withdrawal of treatment.
o Is withdrawal of treatment considered euthanasia? Why or why not?
 Withholding of active treatment e.g. antibiotics.
o Is withholding of treatment a form of active or passive euthanasia. Why or why not?
 Withholding of assisted nutrition.
o Is withholding assisted nutrition, when a person is entering the last days of their life and refuses to eat or drink a ‘failure to care’?
 Administration of opioid analgesia for pain or medication to manage restlessness, when it could result not only in the resolution of the patient’s symptoms, but also hasten patient’s death (doctrine of double effect).
Myth or fact; the administration of opioids at the end-of-life to relieve pain results in the hastening of death by causing respiratory depression.
 What are the legal requirements of obtaining an informed patient consent for the implementation or withdrawal of treatment at the end-of-life when the patient no longer has the capacity to provide consent, and/or there is no advance care plan in place and no proxy decision maker (determining capacity)?
 What are the legal and ethical perspectives surrounding the capacity of children and young people under the age of 18 to make end-of-life decisions?
2. Research and critically analyse the information available on the chosen topic.
The professional nursing standard documents (NMBA, 2018) and peer-reviewed literature, examining the legal and ethical factors surrounding your chosen end-of-life issue in an Australian context, can be used to support your discussion. Remember this is not an opinion or reflective piece. This is an academic piece where you are required to draw from peer reviewed literature to support your findings.
3. Write a 2000-word summary of the work.

Suggested Essay format
Introduction (200 - 300 words).
Provide background information regarding your chosen topic.
Define any terms.
Define your position on the challenge you have chosen and has it altered since the undertaking of research on this topic.
Body (1500 – 1600 words).
Using evidence based practice, policy or guidelines, discuss how you would manage a situation where your chosen issue had arisen?
What are the legal and ethical frameworks that would guide your decision making?
Conclusion (100 – 200 words).
Provide a conclusion of your critical analysis.

The following Subject Learning Outcomes are addressed in this assessment
SLO a)
Identify and justify the application of key evidence-based practices and principles of palliative care across all healthcare settings.
SLO b)
Reflect on the nursing role of managing life limiting conditions in the context of palliative care and plan interventions when other treatment modalities are exhausted.
SLO e)
Critically discuss effective therapeutic and interprofessional communication whilst working with persons, families and carers in the palliative care context.
SLO f)
Identify and examine the legal and ethical issues associated with end of life care into planning person centred care.

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